Influence of paternal involvement on fathers' infant-directedspeech and infants' brain activity to male and female speech Público
Sheehan, Elizabeth Ann (2008)
Published
Abstract
Abstract Influence of paternal involvement on fathers' infant-directed speech and infants' brain activity to male and female speech By Elizabeth A. Sheehan
The present study investigated the relationship between paternal involvement and the speech fathers use with their infants, as well as, how experience with paternal speech affects patterns of brain activity to male speech for 6-month-olds. Both mothers and fathers alter their speech when talking to an infant relative to when they talk to an adult. This special speech register is called infant-directed speech (IDS) and is characterized by slower tempo, higher and more variable pitch, repetition, and simplified vocabulary. It was hypothesized that more involved fathers would use IDS to a greater degree than fathers who were less involved in caregiving. It was also expected that infants' brain activity to male speech would differ based on experience with paternal IDS.
Data were collected in two sessions. In the first session, mother-infant and father-infant interactions were recorded and analyzed to provide a descriptive account of parents' use of IDS, along with measures of parental involvement. Shortly after this session, infants' brain activity was recorded while they listened to familiar words in four conditions: male IDS, male ADS, female IDS, and female ADS. The findings revealed that paternal involvement was related to the amount of IDS fathers used but not the moderation of the acoustic characteristics of IDS, such as pitch. Moreover, infants' patterns of brain activity to male IDS were related to both paternal involvement in caregiving and fathers' use of IDS in the interactions. Overall, this study furthers our understanding of the unique contributions fathers' make to children's cognitive development and the ways infants' early experiences shape their neural development.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Infant-directed Speech 3
Characteristics of Infant-directed Speech 3
Functions of Infant-directed Speech 7
Paternal Infant-directed Speech 11
Paternal Involvement 12
Paternal Infant-directed Speech and Infant Attention 14
Event-related Potentials and Infant-directed Speech 18
Present Study and Hypotheses 22
Method 25
Participants 25
Procedure 26
Parental Report Questionnaires 26
Parent-infant Interaction Recordings and Analysis 28
Recordings 28
Natural Interaction 29
Book Reading 30
Event-related Potentials Collection and Analysis 31
Stimuli 31
Recordings for female speaker 31
Recordings for male speaker 32
Electrode Placement 33
Electrophysiological Testing 34
Averaging and Artifact Rejection 34
Measurement of Components 35
Results 36
Description of Participating Families 36
Family Characteristics 36
Parental Involvement Questionnaire 36
Parent-infant Interactions 38
Natural Interaction 38
Mean Fundamental Frequency 38
Range 39
Standard Deviation 39
Duration of Utterances 39
Variation in Infant-directed Speech 40
Relationship of Speech Measures with Paternal Involvement 41
Book Reading 42
Mean Fundamental Frequency 42
Range 42
Standard Deviation 43
Duration of Utterances 43
Variation in Infant-directed Speech 43
Relationship of Speech Measures with Paternal Involvement 43
Summary of Results for Speech Analyses 44
Event-related Potentials 45
Relations to Paternal Involvement and Infant-directed Speech 46
Summary of Results for Event-related Potentials 47
Discussion 47
Characteristics of Infant-directed Speech 48
Paternal Involvement 50
Event-related Potentials to Male and Female Speech 55
Conclusions 62
References 65
Appendices 79
Footnotes 92
Tables 93
Figure Captions 106
Figures 109
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