A Systematic Review of the Most Frequently Mentioned Barriers and Facilitators to Cancer Screening and Care in Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals Pubblico
Altman, Evan Kacey (2017)
Published
Abstract
There are approximately 1.4 million transgender people in the United States. This is a very hard to study, medically-underserved community. In this communication we examine the literature on barriers to and facilitators of cancer screening and care in transgender people. We identified and systematically reviewed 16 studies that used qualitative and quantitative methods to collect information on cancer screening and care among transgender persons, healthcare providers, and advocates for transgender healthcare. The main barriers to cancer screening and care in transgender people include avoidance of healthcare, discrimination, and lack of nationally published guidelines. The main facilitators include access to providers who are educated about transgender health and welcoming clinical environments. While there is much to learn about providing adequate cancer screening and care for transgender individuals, it is likely that issues discussed in this review are commonly experienced by the transgender community. Cancer screening and care for transgender individuals may improve through increasing exposure to transgender healthcare issues in medical schools and training programs, and by expanding healthcare services so that transgender people can be recognized as an important, relevant population with unique healthcare needs.
Table of Contents
Tables of Contents
Glossary of Terms 2
Chapter 1: Introduction 4
Chapter 2: Review of the Literature 7
A Brief History of Transgenderism 7
Cancer in the Transgender Population 9
Cancer Screening Guidelines and 9
Information for Transgender[1] Patients
Breast Cancer 10
Colon Cancer 11
Prostate Cancer 11
Cervical Cancer 12
Ovarian/Endometrial Cancers 12
Chapter 3: Manuscript 13
Abstract 13
Introduction 14
Methods 15
Results 16
Study Characteristics 17
Cancer Screening 18
Cancer Care 21
Other Factors 22
Chapter 4: DISCUSSION, Conclusions, 24
Public Health and Research Implications
Limitations 25
Research Challenges 26
Proposals for Future Research 27
Conclusions and Public Health 28
Implications: Proposals for Changes Clinical Practice
References 32
Appendix 38
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