The Health Tradeoffs between Development and Pollution Pubblico
Cichon, Morgan Julienne (2010)
Published
Abstract
Abstract
The Health Tradeoffs between Development and Pollution
By Morgan J. Cichon
On a country level, development generally benefits human health by
increasing the
quality of medical care, sanitation and other resources. However,
there is also a negative
externality as development appears to be correlated with pollution,
which is harmful to
human health. As a result, there is a tradeoff between developing
and polluting. In this
paper, I evaluate the proposed health tradeoff using country-level
panel data on CO2
emissions to measure pollution, and infant mortality and life
expectancy to measure
health. The results show that development increases pollution and
positively affects both
measures of health. On the other hand, pollution increases infant
mortality but has no
significant effect on life expectancy. Taking into account all
partial effects, though, the
health benefits from development seem to outweigh the costs from
pollution.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction
.....................................................................................................................................................
1
Background
.....................................................................................................................................................
3
Data
.................................................................................................................................................................
5
A. Pollution
.................................................................................................................................................
5
B. Development
...........................................................................................................................................
6
C. Health and Education
............................................................................................................................
7
Empirical Methodology
...................................................................................................................................
8
A. Pollution Model
......................................................................................................................................
8
B. Health Model
........................................................................................................................................
10
Results
...........................................................................................................................................................
11
A. Data Trends
..........................................................................................................................................
11
B. Factors Affecting Pollution
..................................................................................................................
12
C. Health Tradeoffs
..................................................................................................................................
16
Conclusion
.....................................................................................................................................................
21
References
.....................................................................................................................................................
24
Figures and Tables
Figure 1. Global Trends in
Pollution and GDP (1960-2008)
........................................................................
26
Figure 2. Pollution and
GDP Trends for Developing Countries (1960-2008)
............................................... 27
Figure 3. Pollution and GDP Trends for Developed Countries
(1960-2008) ................................................
27
Figure 4. Comparison of
Total Emissions for Developing and Developed
Countries................................... 28
Figure 5. Regional Pollution as a Percentage of Combined CO2
Emissions in 2008 .................................... 28
Figure 6. Total Pollution in Europe
(1955-2008)
..........................................................................................
29
Figure 7. Total Pollution in Asia (1955-2008)
..............................................................................................
29
Figure 8. Total
Pollution in North America (1955-2008)
..............................................................................
30
Figure 9. Total Pollution in South America (1955-2008)
..............................................................................
30
Figure 10. Total
Pollution in Africa (1955-2008)
.........................................................................................
31
Figure 11. Total Pollution in the Middle East (1955-2008)
..........................................................................
31
Figure 12. Global Trends
in GDP and Life Expectancy (1960-2008)
...........................................................
32
Figure 13. Global Trends in Pollution and Life Expectancy
(1960-2008) ....................................................
32
Table 1. Summary Statistics
..........................................................................................................................
33
Table 2. Country Factors
Associated with Pollution from 1960 to 2005
...................................................... 34
Table 3. Comparison of Pollution
Factors for Developing and Developed Countries (1960-2005)
............. 35
Table 4.
Factors Contributing to Regional Pollution Trends (1960-2005)
.................................................... 36
Table 5. Factors Affecting Health as
Measured by Life Expectancy and Infant Mortality (1960-2005) ......
37
Table 6. Comparison of
Factors Affecting Health in Developing and Developed Countries
(1960-2005) ... 38
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