Major Depression and its Association to Lower Brain Volume and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Open Access
Donati, Giorgina Federica (2014)
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are different kinds of disorders that result from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Studies have shown that individuals who have the most severe form of the disorder, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) have microcephaly (lower brain volume). However, few studies have shown the association between microcephaly as a result of FAS and its association to psychological disorders, in particular, major depression. The purpose of this research was to use an already existing set of data on individuals who have been diagnosed with FAS, and study whether there is an association between lower brain volume and the onset of major depression. In order to assess this relationship, a secondary data analysis was performed on 94 African-American young adults identified in the prenatal period. 3 groups (Control, n=27; Alcohol-exposed Neurodevelopmental Disorder, n=37 and Dysmorphic, n=30) have been imaged using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Depression was measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The data was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. The results of this research indicate sex differences in amygdala volume, as well as intracranial volume differences within the groups. However, the results of this study did not find an association between lower brain volume as a result of FAS and developing psychological disorders.
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………...1
Literature
Review……………………………………………………………………………………………....13
Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....20
Results…………………………………………………………………………………………………………........28
Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39
References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………45
TABLES
Table 1. Demographics for Study
Population……………………………………………………...28
Table 2. Brain Volume and Psychological Disorders among Controls,
Alcohol-exposed, and Dysmorphic
Groups……………………………………………………………………….31
Table 3. MD Classification among Study
Sample………...........................................................33
Table 4. MD CIDI Classification between Control, Dysmorphic, and
Alcohol-exposed
Groups………………………………………………………………………………………………………………36
Table 5. Logistic Regression Model Using Gender as a co-variate for
Predicting
MD…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….37
Table 6. Full Logistic Regression Model using Intracranial volume,
Amygdala, and Alcohol consumption per week as co-variates for
predicting
MD………………………....38
FIGURES
Figure1. Diathesis-stress
model…………………………………………………………………………11
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