Screen Time Use Among Children Aged 6 To 17 Years with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from the 2016 National Survey Of Children’s Health Öffentlichkeit
Kumar, Amrita (Summer 2018)
Published
Abstract
Background
Children are engaging in longer duration of screen time use which includes activities done in front of a smartphone, television, computers, tablet, or game console. Screen time use can affect the health of children both positively and negatively. Research on screen time use in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD) in the United States (US) is limited and conflicting. Our objective was to examine if ADD/ADHD was associated with screen time use in children.
Methods
We utilized data from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH), a national, population-based, cross-sectional study that assesses the physical and emotional health of US children. We examined children aged 6-17 years. Average duration of time the child spent on a weekday watching television/video programs, or playing video games was used as an indicator of daily screen time use, examined as a dichotomous variable (≤ 1 hour vs. > 1 hours). ADD/ADHD was determined by parent/guardian reporting. Multivariable regression models were used to examine the association between screen time use and parent/guardian-reported diagnosis of ADD/ADHD, adjusting for potential confounders. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence odds ratios (uPOR and aPOR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to quantify the association.
Results
The analytical sample was comprised of 34,564 children of which 4,085 (12%) were reported to currently have ADD/ADHD. Children with screen time use > 1 hours were likely to be males, non-Hispanic black, obese, from low income families with parent/guardians with less than high school education. After controlling for sex, race, age, body mass index, education of adult, poverty level, type of health insurance, hours of sleep-time, physical activity, and family structure, children with ADD/ADHD were more likely to engage in screen time use > 1 hours per weekday (aPOR=1.35, 95% CI=1.14-1.60) compared to their counterparts.
Conclusions
Our findings from a large, nationally representative sample of children in the United States suggests that the total of screen time use per weekday differs significantly by ADD/ADHD status. Further research is needed to explore this association with a better understanding of duration, better assessment of ADD/ADHD diagnosis along with treatment status, and other co-variables.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................9
Chapter II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ..............................................................11
Chapter III: METHODS ........................................................................................18
Chapter IV: RESULTS ..........................................................................................23
Chapter V: DISCUSSION ....................................................................................26
TABLES AND FIGURES ..............................................................................32-38
Figure 1 ................................................................................................... 32
Table 1 .................................................................................................... 33
Table 2 ................................................................................................... 35
Table 3 ....................................................................................................37
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................39
APPENDIX 1. TABLE A ................................................................................ 43
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