Assessing the Likelihood to Participate in HIV Prevention Research among African-American Men Who Have Sex with Men Öffentlichkeit
Bell, Sade Marie (2012)
Abstract
Abstract
Assessing the Likelihood to Participate in HIV Prevention Research
among African-American
Men Who Have Sex with Men
By Sadé M. Bell
This study surveyed 42 Black/African-American men from the Atlanta
metropolitan area
who self identified as having sex with other men. The objectives of
this study were to assess
black men who have sex with men (MSM) attitudes, concerns, and
beliefs regarding HIV
prevention research; to evaluate the relationship between black
MSM's beliefs and their
likelihood to participate in medical research studies; and to
investigate upstream indirect
reciprocity as a motivation for black MSM participation in medical
research.
This study found that upstream indirect reciprocity, a component of
the Theory of Human
Cooperation, accounted for black MSM's likelihood to participate in
medical research studies at
Emory University. However, black MSM's concerns regarding benefits
and cost to them were
most indicative of their likelihood to participate in medical
research regardless of the study
institution.
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 1
Significance of Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Research Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Chapter 2: Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 7
Theory of Reasoned Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
Upstream Indirect Reciprocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Chapter 3: Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 12
Primary Study Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Recruitment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Thesis Study Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Participant Inclusion Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Measurements informed by TRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Measurements informed by Upstream Indirect Reciprocity . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Outcome Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.16
Related to Upstream Indirect Reciprocity . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Chapter 4: Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 19
Sample Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Table 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
TRA-informed Measurement Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Table 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Outcome Variable Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Predictors of Likelihood to Participate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Model 1 - Likelihood to contact Emory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Model 2 - Likelihood to join a medical study . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Predictability of Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
Relationship of Upstream Indirect Reciprocity and Outcome Variable
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Measurement characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Upstream Indirect Reciprocity and Outcome Variable . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28
Table 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Chapter 5: Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 30
Strengths and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
APPENDIX I: Schematic of Exploratory Factor Analysis . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
APPENDIX II: HIOS Enrollment Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 49
About this Honors Thesis
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