Influential factors in fruit and vegetable consumption among low-income U.S. women Pubblico
Stallings, Tiffany Lynn (2012)
Abstract
Consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) is below recommended
amounts in the United States and intake is generally lower among
low-income individuals. Previous research has indicated that
recipients of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,
Infants, and Children
(WIC) had higher F&V intake than WIC non-recipients with
similar incomes (≤185% of the Poverty Index Ratio (PIR)).
Other studies found WIC recipients who participated in the Farmers'
Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) increased F&V intake and
learned nutrition competencies. This dissertation included three
analyses that examined factors influencing F&V consumption and
the nutrition environment among low-income women.
The first analysis used data from the Infant Feeding Practice Study
II to examine variation in F&V intake recipients/ ≤185%
of PIR, WIC non-recipients/≤185% of PIR, and >185% of PIR)
among pregnant and postpartum women using Kruskal-Wallis tests and
logistic regression. In general, F&V intakes were found to be
lowest among NonWIC/≤185% PIR and only prenatal vegetable
consumption varied (p=0.04). Additionally, postnatal F&V intake
was higher among breastfeeding than non-breastfeeding women (fruit:
p<0.0001; vegetable: p=0.006).
The second analysis used data from the Emory WIC FMNP study to
examine influences of the FMNP on F&V intake and nutrition
knowledge and competencies using bivariate analyses and logistic
regression. Study participants received WIC food vouchers and
nutrition education, and the FMNP group received $30 of F&V
coupons. Nutrition knowledge and F&V intake did not
significantly vary participants reported learning new F&V
competencies and these participants increased F&V consumption
(p=0.03).
The third analysis also used data from the Emory WIC FMNP study to explore the agreement between perceived and actual nutrition environment measures of F&V availability, quality, and affordability/price using kappa statistics and sensitivity/specificity. All agreements were poor (kappa values<0.3).
My study findings of higher F&V intake among WIC recipients
could support increased efforts to inform WIC
non-recipients/≤185% of PIR that they may meet remaining
eligibility requirements for WIC benefits. Also, the Emory WIC FMNP
study results could support WIC-led nutrition education programs to
teach nutrition competencies and the nutrition environment.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Importance of Fruit and Vegetable Intake... 1
References: Chapter 1... 55
Chapter 2: Project 1 Maternal Nutrition Knowledge and Competencies
and Fruit and Vegetable Intake of Mother and Child... 69
Appendix: Chapter 2... 195
References: Chapter 2... 206
Chapter 3: Project 2 Actual and Perceived Nutrition Environments of
Fresh, Canned, and Frozen Fruits and Vegetables... 213
Appendix: Chapter 3... 272
References: Chapter 3... 276
Chapter 4: Project 3 Examination of Prenatal and Postnatal Fruit
and Vegetable Intake by WIC/Poverty-Level Status... 280
Appendix: Chapter 4... 315
References: Chapter 4... 336
Chapter 5: Dissertation Summary... 340
References: Chapter 5... 350
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