Moduation of post-synaptic ion channels by CaMKII Open Access
Jenkins, Meagan A (2011)
Abstract
Abstract
Modulation of post-synaptic ion channels by CaMKII
By Meagan A Jenkins
The function, trafficking and synaptic signaling of post-synaptic
ion
channels are tightly regulated by phosphorylation.
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent
protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a key regulator of Ca2+-signaling in
neurons, known
to bind and phosphorylate many ligand- and voltage-gated ion
channels,
including AMPA receptors and Cav1 voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
CaMKII
phosphorylates residue Ser831 within the C-terminus of recombinant
GluA1
AMPA receptors to increase single channel conductance, and these
actions can
be mimicked with substitution of GluA1-Ser831 with negatively
charged
glutamate or aspartate residues. CaMKII increases the conductance
of native
heteromeric AMPA receptors in hippocampal neurons via
phosphorylation at
Ser831. CaMKII acts to increase the coupling efficiency, or the
efficiency by
which the AMPA receptor translates binding of agonist into gating
of the receptor.
Furthermore, coexpression of TARPs with recombinant receptors is
required for
phosphoSer831 to increase conductance of heteromeric GluA1/GluA2
receptors.
Finally, the membrane proximal region of the GluA1 C-terminal
domain within
which the CaMKII phosphorylation site is contained, acts as a
hyper-regulatory
region of AMPA receptor function. Phosphomimic mutations inserted
at each of 3
different phosphorylation sites within this region, GluA1-Ser818,
GluA1-Ser831,
and GluA1-Thr840, lead to an increase in GluA1 receptor
conductance. These
residues likely couple strongly to AMPA receptor gating and
permeation
elements to dynamically regulate receptor conductance. Clearly
there are
overlapping, complex and tightly coordinated mechanisms of
phosphorylation-
dependent GluA1 AMPA receptor regulation, which are likely
implicated in
synaptic plasticity since changes in GluA1 activity and trafficking
underpin
changes in LTP and LTD. Specifically, CaMKII-dependent
phosphorylation of
GluA1-Ser831 has been a focus of studies on synaptic scaling and
plasticity,
thus, understanding the functional and structural mechanisms of
GluA1-Ser831
phosphorylation-induced increases in AMPA receptor activity is
crucial for
understanding the molecular changes that occur during
activity-dependent
synaptic plasticity, a leading model of learning and memory.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
I. Preamble 1
II. CaMKII
A. Post-synaptic density 4
B. General structure 5
C. Isoforms 6
D. Mechanisms of autophosphorylation 6
E. Control of subcellular localization 10
F. Functional roles 11
III. AMPA Receptors
A. Structure and Function16
B. Auxiliary subunits 31
C. Synaptic function 37
D. Concluding remarks 43
Chapter 2: Mechanisms of the CaMKII-dependent increase in
AMPA
receptor conductance
I. Abstract 45
II. Introduction 46
III. Methods 51
IV. Results 58
V. Conclusions 75
Chapter 3: Identification of a phosphorylation-dependent
hyper-regulatory
region within the GluA1 C-terminal domain
I. Abstract 77
II. Introduction 78
III. Results 80
IV. Conclusions 88
Chapter 4: Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
I. Structure and function 92
II. Diversity and characteristics 99
III. Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels 102
IV. Regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels 106
Chapter 5: Densin and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
II
potentiate Cav1.3 Ca2+ channels
I. Abstract 113
II. Introduction 114
III. Methods 117
IV. Results 123
V. Discussion 153
Chapter 6 : Discussion 156
References 182
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