Maternal perceptions of parenting following an evidence-based parenting program: A qualitative study of Legacy for Children™ Public
Hartwig, Sophie Anne (2014)
Published
Abstract
Introduction: Numerous studies indicate that early exposure to poverty negatively influences child developmental outcomes. Research aimed at ameliorating these harmful effects reveals that parental investment and competence function as protective factors. Based on this knowledge, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed Legacy for ChildrenTM (Legacy), an evidence-based parenting program for low-income mothers of young children and infants. Evaluation of the program following implementation at the University of Miami and the University of California, Los Angeles provides evidence as to the efficacy of Legacy; however, differences in child outcomes across sites warrant additional research.
Objective: This study investigates how low-income mothers describe parenting following participation in Legacy, particularly across the implementation sites. The study specifically examines how mothers describe healthy parenting practices and maternal self-efficacy beliefs and development. Lastly, the study explores mothers' experiences receiving feedback and providing advice to family and friends outside of the Legacy program.
Methods: The primary researcher used qualitative methods to conduct a secondary data analysis of focus group discussions with Legacy mothers. The researcher utilized grounded theory techniques to examine focus group data; methods for this study consisted of four main phases: 1) code and codebook development, 2) the application of codes, 3) a second coding process, and 4) thematic data analysis.
Results: Discussions with mothers in both Miami and Los Angeles indicate knowledge and use of healthy parenting practices, as well as improvements in maternal self-efficacy. Analyses also revealed that mothers frequently encountered negative experiences with receiving feedback and providing advice. Differences across sites emerged during analyses of parenting strategies and feedback and advice; fewer differences surfaced between mothers in Miami and Los Angeles related to self-efficacy beliefs and development.
Conclusions: The findings of the current study support previous evaluation of the Legacy program. Mothers demonstrate knowledge and understanding of healthy parenting practices, and improvements related to self-efficacy. The differences between sites indicate that mothers in Los Angeles may have a greater capacity for understanding and adapting their own parenting, and thus maintaining a reciprocal relationship with their children. Further research is advised to better understand these differences.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction and Theoretical Framework........................................................................ 1
Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1
Theoretical Framework..................................................................................................... 4
Review of the Literature..................................................................................................... 5
Effects of Poverty on Child Development....................................................................... 5
Importance of Parenting.................................................................................................... 7
Healthy Parenting Practices........................................................................................... 7
Self-Efficacy................................................................................................................... 9
Program Description........................................................................................................... 11
Intervention Design........................................................................................................... 11
The Legacy UCLA Intervention....................................................................................... 12
The Legacy University of Miami Intervention................................................................. 13
Study Design..................................................................................................................... 13
Focus Group Discussions................................................................................................. 15
Participants and Recruitment......................................................................................... 15
Procedure and Measures................................................................................................ 16
Data Preparation and Analysis...................................................................................... 17
Participant Characteristics............................................................................................. 18
Specific Aims....................................................................................................................... 19
Ethical Considerations....................................................................................................... 20
Methods................................................................................................................................ 21
Code and Codebook Development................................................................................... 22
Application of Codes........................................................................................................ 25
Second Coding Process..................................................................................................... 27
Thematic Data Analysis................................................................................................... 29
Results.................................................................................................................................. 30
Legacy Goals..................................................................................................................... 30
Maternal Self-Efficacy...................................................................................................... 41
Feedback and Advice........................................................................................................ 47
Discussion............................................................................................................................ 51
Legacy Goals..................................................................................................................... 51
Maternal Self-Efficacy...................................................................................................... 54
Feedback and Advice........................................................................................................ 56
Limitations and Strengths................................................................................................. 57
Reflections........................................................................................................................ 58
References............................................................................................................................ 60
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