Environmental Effects on Lambda Lysogeny and Spiteful Attack Public
Hutchison, Carissa (Spring 2019)
Published
Abstract
Lysogeny is one of two life paths that a lambda phage may take when entering a susceptible cell. The probability of lysogeny varies with environmental factors; such as the density of susceptibles, chemical factors, and number of phage present. Additionally, lysogeny appears to have many benefits for the cell and the phage. One potential benefit of lysogeny is the capability of a lysogen to use spiteful attack, where the lysogen induces so that the phage can kill off any competitors and allows the lysogen population to have control over a resource rich area. The current study examined the effects of environmental factors on lambda lysogeny and spiteful attack in Escherichia coli. Specifically, the effect of nutrition and changing the initial population ratios between lysogenic and sensitive bacteria. First, parameters for the bacteria and the bacteriophages were determined in each of the environmental conditions. Then, competition assays were run between one lysogenic strain and one sensitive strain for three generations. For 1:1 assay using the MG1655-lkan, the lysogenic bacteria outcompeted the sensitive bacteria in the LB and S-medium + 0.1% NH4Cl + 0.1% Glucose. Future studies should look at the impact varying the ratio of sensitive bacteria to the MG1655-lkan and a slower growing lysogen than the MG1655-lkan, and the impact of spatial structure on competition.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 1
Material and Methods …………………………………………………………………………… 4
Bacterial Strains and Media……………………………………………………………... 4
Growth Parameters …………………………………………………………………….….6
MIC Determination ………...…………………………………………………………..…7
Selective Plating………...………………………….…………..……………….…………8
Phage Plating………..............………………………………………………….…………8
Bacteriophage Parameter Estimates……………………………………………………….9
Competition Assays……………………………………………………………………...11
Results ………………………………………………………………………………………… 12
Bacteria Parameters …………………………………………………..………………... 12
Bacteriophage Parameters …………...……………………………………………….... 14
Competition Assays ………………….…………………………………………………15
Discussion ...…………………………………………………………………………………… 16
Table of Contents: Tables and Figures
Materials and Methods
Table 1…………………………………………………………………………………….5
Table 2…………………………………………………………………………………….6
Table 3……………………………..……………………………………………..……….7
Table 4…………………………………………………………………………………….8
Results
Figure 1………………………………………………………………………..…………12
Table 5………………………………………………………………………...…………13
Figure 2………………………………………………………..…………………………14
Figure 3………………………………………………..…………………………………15
Figure 4………………………..…………………………………………………………16
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