Spatiotemporal organization of muscle activity throughout human postural responses 公开

Abstract

Abstract

Spatiotemporal organization of muscle activity throughout human postural
responses

Falls are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the elderly and result from a failure of the nervous system to appropriately coordinate muscles to maintain balance. Because muscle activity represents the output of the nervous system, examining muscle activation may reveal differences in neural mechanisms underlying falls; however, there is enormous spatial and temporal variability in muscle activation patterns, making them difficult to functionally interpret. Recent work has demonstrated that the spatial and temporal features of muscle activity can be functionally yet separately explained by muscle synergies and task-level feedback, respectively. The spatial coordination of muscles has been functionally characterized in a variety of motor tasks using muscle synergies, or groups of muscles with fixed ratios of coactivation. However, the temporal recruitments of such muscle synergies as well as the underlying neural mechanisms have largely been uninvestigated. Conversely, temporal activation of individual muscles throughout postural responses has been functionally characterized using task-level feedback of center of mass (CoM). However, CoM feedback has only been applied to perturbations where the body starts from rest and CoM kinematics (displacement, velocity, acceleration) are highly correlated.

I hypothesize that the nervous system continuously uses task-level feedback of CoM to recruit muscle synergies throughout standing balance tasks. Here, I unified the muscle synergy hypothesis with task-level feedback to functionally explain the spatiotemporal features of muscle activity throughout human postural responses. I first demonstrated that the temporal recruitment of muscle synergies throughout discrete
sagittal perturbations could be well-reconstructed using delayed feedback of CoM. I then developed complex perturbations to test the robustness of delayed CoM feedback on muscle activity and muscle synergy recruitment. Delayed feedback of CoM was shown to robustly modulate muscle activity throughout continuous sagittal perturbations that decouple CoM kinematics in magnitude. Moreover, delayed feedback of CoM was shown to robustly modulate muscle synergy recruitment throughout multidirectional discrete and biphasic perturbations that decouple CoM kinematics from each other in direction. These results suggest that a consistent spatial and temporal structure of motor outputs exists across static and dynamic states. Such an organization may aid in functionally identifying pathologic strategies for maintaining balance.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1

1.1 LIMITATIONS OF CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF MOTOR FUNCTION AND CONTROL ................................. 1
1.2 SPATIAL COORDINATION OF EMG: MUSCLE SYNERGY CONCEPT .......................................................... 6
1.3 TEMPORAL ACTIVATION OF EMG: FEEDBACK CONTROL OF TASK-LEVEL VARIABLES ................... 12
1.4 THESIS OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................... 17
1.4.1 Study 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
1.4.2 Study 2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 21
1.4.3 Study 3 ..................................................................................................................................................... 21
CHAPTER 2: TASK-LEVEL FEEDBACK CAN EXPLAIN TEMPORAL RECRUITMENT OF
SPATIALLY-FIXED MUSCLE SYNERGIES THROUGHOUT POSTURAL PERTURBATIONS 23
2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 23
2.2 METHODS ..................................................................................................................................................... 28
2.2.1 Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 28
2.2.2 Data collection ..................................................................................................................................... 29
2.2.3 Data processing ................................................................................................................................... 30
2.2.4 Muscle synergy extraction .............................................................................................................. 32
2.2.5 Determination of number of muscle synergies ...................................................................... 35
2.2.6 Muscle synergy analysis ................................................................................................................... 37
2.2.7 Feedback model .................................................................................................................................. 38
2.3 RESULTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 42
2.3.1 Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 42
2.3.2 Postural responses throughout perturbations ...................................................................... 42
2.3.3 EMG reconstructions using SF versus TF muscle synergies ............................................. 43
2.3.4 SF muscle synergies have similar structure across perturbation epochs .................. 50
2.3.5 Consistent SF muscle synergies across subjects .................................................................... 51
2.3.6 CoM kinematic feedback reconstructs SF muscle synergy recruitment ..................... 54
2.3.7 SF muscle synergies recruited by CoM feedback reproduce temporal variations in
muscle activity .................................................................................................................................................... 58
2.4 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................................. 62
2.4.1 Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 62

About this Dissertation

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School	Laney Graduate School
Department	Biological and Biomedical Sciences
Subfield / Discipline	Neuroscience
Degree	PhD
Submission	Dissertation
Language	English
Research Field	Engineering, Biomedical Biology, Neuroscience
关键词	electromyography muscle synergies center of mass
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Ting, Lena, Emory University
Committee Members	Calabrese, Ronald, Emory University Trumbower, Randy D, Emory University Nichols, Richard, Georgia Tech Wolf, Steven L, Emory University

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