Climatic Risk Factors and Social Determinants of Dengue in the Caribbean and Central America: A Scoping Review Restricted; Files Only

Abstract

The Caribbean and Central America are highly endemic for dengue virus and experience periodic oscillations in relative incidence of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. In recent years, the number of cases of dengue in this region has become alarming to public health officials as the number of reported cases of dengue has surpassed previous years’ case numbers. The periodic severe outbreaks of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in this region disproportionately affect the most vulnerable populations in this region. Major contributors to the transmission of this mosquito-borne viral disease include overpopulation, extreme weather events, urbanization, and poor sanitary conditions and public health infrastructure. There is growing literature around the potential association of climate change and the increasing transmission of vector-borne diseases including dengue and in some parts of the world. Climate change is expected to affect the known social determinants of dengue infection. This review seeks to summarize the literature around how climate change may affect the incidence of dengue in the Caribbean and Central American region.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................… 1

1.1 Rationale: Background and Significance ........................................…...................…….. 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem …….................................................................................…. 6

1.2.1 Dengue in Central America ...............................…...............................……………....… 6

1.2.2 Dengue in the Caribbean ………………………………………….….……………………………… 10

1.2.3 Intersection of Climate and Social Determinants of Health..……………………..……....… 13

            1.3 Statement of Purpose……………………………………………………………………………. 13

1.4 Research Question and Focus…………………..………………………………………………………. 14

Chapter 2: Methods.............................................................................…. 15

2.1 Protocol ........................................................................................................….……… 15

2.2 Eligibility Criteria and Search Strategy.....................……...........................................…. 15

2.3 Data Extraction Process……………….............…..……….....................................……....…. 17

Chapter 3: Results …....................................................................…......... 18

3.1 Selection of Articles……....................................................................….............….....… 18

3.2 Synthesis of Results…….……………………....................................……….......…........….… 19

3.2.1 Social Determinants of Dengue..............................………………........................………. 19

                        3.2.2 Climatic Risk Factors of Dengue…………………………………………………….. 28

Chapter 4: Discussion…………………..…...............................................………. 35

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommenations .............................................… 37

            5.1 Socio-ecological Model…………………………………………..………………..…………... 39

Tables …………………………………………………………………………………………………... 42

References ....................……..................................….........................……. 49

About this Master's Thesis

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School	Rollins School of Public Health
Department	Hubert Department of Global Health
Degree	M.P.H.
Submission	Master's Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Health Sciences, Public Health Education
Palabra Clave	Social Determinants of Health Climate change Dengue Central America The Caribbean
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Saria Hassan, Emory University
Committee Members	Uriel Kitron, Emory University

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