Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Cardiometabolic Risk in British Youth Público
Hurlock, Natalie (Spring 2020)
Published
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), coined as “forever chemicals”, are man-made chemicals commonly used in household products like nonstick cookware and coatings to make surfaces water and stain resistant. Humans are exposed to low-levels of PFAS in their everyday lives, while some communities face heightened exposure from contaminated drinking water or proximity to manufacturing sites. We investigated associations between serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in pregnant women and eight cardiometabolic biomarkers in their children at age 9. The study population included 553 mother-child dyads from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Associations were modeled by multivariable linear regression and adjusted for maternal education, pre-pregnancy BMI, age, and smoking status. PFOS concentrations were the highest and the most consistently associated with cardiometabolic outcomes compared to the other PFAS examined. Among girls, 1-ng/mL higher prenatal PFOA and PFOS concentrations were associated with 3.32% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.04, 6.70) and 0.77% (95% CI: 0.16, 1.39) higher triglycerides, respectively, and 0.5-ng/mL higher prenatal PFNA was associated with 13.77% (95% CI: 0.19, 29.19) higher triglycerides. Prenatal PFOS was associated with higher cholesterol among girls and boys (percent difference (% difference) = 0.35% (95% CI: 0.14, 0.55) among girls and % difference = 0.29% (95% CI: 0.02, 0.56) among boys). Lastly, prenatal PFAS were consistently associated with lower adiponectin levels among boys (% difference associated with 1-ng/mL higher prenatal PFOA = -4.42% (95% CI: -7.63, -1.11) and % difference associated with 1-ng/mL higher prenatal PFOS = -0.78% (95% CI: -1.53, -0.03), % difference associated with 0.5-ng/mL higher prenatal PFNA = -20.43% (95% CI: -31.32, -7.82)). Overall, in this subsample of 9-year-old British boys and girls, findings suggest that PFAS are positively associated with triglycerides and cholesterol and inversely associated with adiponectin, varying by sex. There was little evidence of associations between PFAS and HDL, LDL, HbA1c, and IL-6 in the present subsample and all associations with CRP were null.
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Methods 3
Study Population 3
Exposure assessment 4
Outcome assessment 5
Covariates 5
Statistical analyses 6
Results 7
Characteristics of the study population 7
PFAS & Lipids 7
PFAS & Glucose Regulation 8
PFAS & Inflammation 9
Discussion 9
Conclusions 15
References 16
Tables 21
Table 1. Characteristics of subsample of mothers (N=553) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort and distribution of maternal serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (ng/mL) across covariates. 21
Table 2. Distribution of cardiometabolic outcomes in subsample of 9-year-old British boys and girls from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort (N=553). 23
Table 3. Percent differences (95% CI) in cardiometabolic outcomes associated with 1-ng/mL increase in PFAS adjusted for maternal education, pre-pregnancy BMI, age, and smoking status. 24
Figures 26
Figure 1. Flowchart of eligibility and exclusions. 26
Appendix 27
Supplementary Table 1. Characteristics of full subsample of mothers (N=905) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort and distribution of maternal serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (ng/mL) across covariates. 27
Supplementary Table 2. Percentage of subsample of 9-year-old British boys and girls from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort with abnormal levels of cardiometabolic outcomes (N=553). 29
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