Abuse in Childhood and Risk of Endometriosis Pubblico
Wieser, Friedrich (2012)
Published
Abstract
Objective: Evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests that early trauma is associated with diseases of the reproductive tract. The aims of this study are to examine the association of physical and sexual abuse occurring in childhood or adolescence and risk of endometriosis.
Methods: I used data collected from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II). The NHS II is a prospective cohort study of US nurses aged 25 - 42 at enrollment in 1989. The Nurses' Health study began in September 1989 with a sample of 116,678 registered female nurses from 14 US states. Premenopausal women aged 25 - 42 years at enrollment (1989) filled out questionnaires every two years including a retrospective questionnaire on childhood violence exposure (2001). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were applied to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: A total of 60,410 women contributed 766,014 person-years through 2007, among whom there were 1968 incident premenopausal cases of laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis. 65% of women in the cohort reported at least one abuse exposure. After adjusting for potential confounders, I observed a statistically significant dose-response association between abuse and endometriosis. Compared to those with no reported abuse events (emotional, physical, or sexual), there was a 13% greater risk of endometriosis for women reporting one episode of mild/moderate abuse (CI=1.02-1.26), RR=1.16 (CI=1.01-1.34) for multiple mild events or one severe episode of abuse, RR=1.33 (CI=1.12-1.57) for chronic moderate abuse of a single type, RR=1.34 (CI=1.03-1.27) for chronic severe abuse of a single type, and over a 2-fold increase in risk for those with chronic severe abuse of multiple types (RR=2.09,CI=1.60-2.73) (test for linear trend p<0.0001). Associations were stronger among those who never reported infertility.
Conclusion: Severity and chronicity of child/adolescent sexual and physical abuse was associated with greater risk of endometriosis. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these relations may shed light on the pathophysiology and potential treatment and prevention of endometriosis.
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Background 4
Methods 10
Results 18
Discussion 22
Figures 28
Figure 1 28
Figure 2 29
Figure 3 30
Tables 31
Table 1a 31
Table 1b 31
Table 2 32
Table 3 33
Table 4 34
Table 5 35
Table 6 36
Table 7 37
Table 8 38
Table 9 39
Table 10a 40
Table 10b 41
References 42
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