Men and Unintended Birth: The Influence of Procreative Consciousness and Procreative Responsibility Público
Daugherty, Jill Devoe (2013)
Published
Abstract
Background: Approximately half of all pregnancies and 35-37% of all births are unintended in the US. Unintended pregnancies and births are associated with negative consequences for the mother, father, and child. Relatively few studies have incorporated the preferences of men, despite the knowledge that they do have an influence on reproductive decisions. Men's ideas about virility, child-bearing desires, and the responsibility they feel for initiating or preventing conception could affect unintended pregnancy rates.
Aims: Using William Marsiglio's conceptual framework describing men's procreative identities, I investigate how men's senses of procreative consciousness (PC) and procreative responsibility (PR) affect their risk of fathering an unintended birth (UIB) and how differences in the expression of PC and PR among demographic groups help to account for disparities in UIB rates.
Methods: In this mixed methods project, I use the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to examine the impact that different measures of PC and PR have on a man's likelihood of fathering an UIB. On the qualitative side, I analyze the transcripts of focus groups conducted with young, socioeconomically disadvantaged African American and Puerto Rican men to examine how men who have demonstrated high rates of UIB talk about PC, PR, and pregnancy planning. Results: Analyses of NSFG data reveal that certain aspects of PC and PR have statistically significant effects on the probability that a man fathered an UIB. However, socio-demographic measures (e.g. age, educational attainment, and marital status) still exert an important effect on men's risk for UIB. Analyses of the transcripts demonstrate that men often have a very active sense of PC and a lagging sense of PR, at least in terms of responsibility for pregnancy prevention. However, men consider fatherhood to be an important role and look forward to parenting children. These factors may contribute to their relatively higher risk for an UIB. Conclusions: My project demonstrates that men do play a role in unintended pregnancy and birth through their values, attitudes, and behaviors towards reproduction. However, the socio-structural position of men in society still has a large, independent impact on a man's risk of fathering an UIB.Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Methods 49 Table 2.1: National Survey of Family Growth demographic measures used in logistic regression analysis, by type of variable and category 52 Table 2.2: Items from NSFG that Measure Procreative Consciousness and Procreative Responsibility 58 Table 2.3: National Survey of Family Growth variables containing missing values, percent of values missing, and value that was imputed 59 Table 2.4: PHRESH Sample Demographics 63 Chapter 3: Using the National Survey of Family Growth to Assess the Impact of Procreative Consciousness and Procreative Responsibility on Risk of Unintended Birth 65 Table 3.1: Weighted Demographic Characteristics for 2006-2010 Male National Survey of Family Growth, Men aged 15-44 67 Table 3.2: Number of Births in the Last Five Years among US Men Aged 15-45, by Demographic Characteristics 70 Table 3.3: US Men's Reported Intention Status of First Birth by Demographic Characteristics 71 Table 3.4: Dichotomous Birth Intention Status of US Men who had At Least One Birth in Last Five Years, by Demographic Characteristics 73 Table 3.5: Population and Sample Estimate Frequencies and Proportions 75 Table 3.6: Bivariate Relationships Between Independent Variables and Unintended Births 84 Figure 3.1: Percent of Births Fathered by American Men Aged 15-45 Occurring Within the Last Five Years that Were Unintended, by Respondent's Age Group 90 Figure 3.2: Percent of Births Fathered by American Men Aged 15-45 Occurring Within the Last Five Years that Were Unintended, by Respondent's Educational Attainment 90 Figure 3.3: Percent of Births Fathered by American Men Aged 15-45 Occurring Within the Last Five Years that Were Unintended, by Respondent's Poverty Level 91 Figure 3.4: Percent of Births Fathered by American Men Aged 15-45 Occurring Within the Last Five Years that Were Unintended, by Respondent's Race 91 Figure 3.5: Percent of Births Fathered by American Men Aged 15-45 Occurring Within the Last Five Years that Were Unintended, by Respondent's Formal Marital Status 92 Table 3.7: Bivariate Relationships Between Demographic Indicators and Select PC and PR Measures 94 Table 3.8: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Unintended Birth on Social Determinants (Model 1) 96 Table 3.9: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Unintended Birth on Social Determinants + PC Variables (Model 2) 98 Table 3.10: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Unintended Birth on Social Determinants + PR Variables (Model 3) 100 Table 3.11: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Unintended Birth on Social determinants, PC Variables, and PR Variables (Model 4) 101 Table 3.12: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Unintended Birth on Significant Social Determinant, PC, and PR Variables (Model 5) 103 Table 3.13: Three-Way Comparison of Multivariate Logistic Regression Models of Unintended Birth on Social Determinants, PC, and PR Variables to Determine the Effect of Marital Status 105 Table 3.14: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Relative Risk of Having a Mistimed Birth, compared to an Intended Birth on Social Determinants (Model 6) 109 Table 3.15: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Relative Risk of Having an Unwanted Birth, Compared to an Intended Birth on Social Determinants (Model 7) 110 Table 3.16: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Relative Risk of Having a Mistimed Birth, Compared to an Intended Birth on Social Determinants + PC Variables (Model 8) 111 Table 3.17: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Relative Risk of Having an Unwanted Birth, Compared to an Intended Birth on Social Determinants + PC Variables (Model 9) 113 Table 3.18: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Relative Risk of Having a Mistimed Birth, Compared to an Intended Birth on Social Determinants + PR Variables (Model 10) 115 Table 3.19: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Relative Risk of Having an Unwanted Birth, Compared to an Intended Birth on Social Determinants + PR Variables (Model 11) 117 Table 3.20: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Relative Risk of Having a Mistimed Birth, Compared to an Intended Birth on Social Determinants, PC Variables, and PR Variables (Model 12) 120 Table 3.21: Multivariate Logistic Regression of Relative Risk of Having and Unwanted Birth, Compared to an Intended Birth on Social Determinants, PC Variables, and PR Variables (Model 13) 122 Chapter 4: How Young Men at High Risk of Fathering an Unintended Birth Talk about Their Procreative Identities 143 Figure 4.1: How Procreative Consciousness and Procreative Responsibility Lead to Unintended Pregnancy 173 Chapter 5: Conclusion - Men Matter; At Least to an Extent 179 References 196 Appendix: Listing of Procreative Consciousness and Procreative Responsibility Variables found in the National Survey of Family Growth Dataset 209
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