Effect of Clove Oil on the Bean Beetle Callosobruchus maculatus and Its Gut Microbiome 公开
Wenyi Shao (Spring 2023)
Abstract
Bean beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus) are one of the pests that attack bean crops. Due to the drawbacks of traditional insecticides, alternatives are being explored for pest control. Plant essential oils have shown promising results in protecting stored bean crops against bean beetles, and among them, clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil is easy to access and has exhibited insecticidal properties. It is also known that clove oil can act as an antimicrobial, and insects rely on their microbiome to detoxify compounds harmful to them. As a result, it is possible that the bean beetle microbiome changes in response to clove oil exposure. Previous studies have not examined the possibility of bean beetles developing resistance to clove oil and the role that the beetle gut microbiome might play in the process. To explore these questions, a multi-generation study was conducted. Bean beetles were reared under no, low, or high clove oil treatments for four generations. The results suggested that only high clove oil exposure significantly decreased bean beetle populations, but the effect did not last throughout the study. Analysis of bacteria cultured from beetles showed that clove oil could affect the beetle’s microbial community, but next-generation sequencing data from the last generation of beetles showed no difference in the microbial community between the three treatments. In addition, the dominant bacteria strains showed no difference in resistance to clove oil. However, due to the temperature variation during the beetle rearing and the limited span of the experiment, further investigation is necessary to confirm these findings.
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Materials and Methods 5
Bean Beetle Selection Lines 5
Bean Beetle Cohort Life History Traits 6
Figure 1 7
Culturing Bean Beetle Microbiome 7
Identification of Cultured Microbes 8
Figure 2 8
Disc Diffusion Assays 9
Whole-Community Microbiome Sequencing 10
Results 12
Bean Beetle Cohort Life History Traits 12
Number of Successful Emergences 12
Table 1 12
Figure 3a – b 13
Time to Emergence 13
Table 2 14
Figure 4a – b 14
Cultured Bean Beetle Microbiome 15
Colony Counts 15
Figure 5a – d 16
Colony Diversity 18
Table 3 19
Table 4 19
Figure 6 19
Figure 7a – b 20
Disc Diffusion Assays 20
Figure 8a – b 21
Whole-Community Microbiome Sequencing 21
Figure 9a – b 22
Figure 10a – f 22
Table 5 25
Figure 11a – d 26
Figure 12a – b 28
Figure 13a – d 29
Discussion 30
Literature Cited 38
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