The Double Burden of Malnutrition: Lifestyle and health factors associated with anemia in children aged 6-59 months and excess weight among women of reproductive age within the same household in Guatemala Open Access
Adettiwar, Gauri (Spring 2019)
Abstract
Background: Developing countries such as Guatemala are undergoing a rapid nutritional transition. As the prevalence of obesity has increased, the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) has become a public health problem as prevalences of stunting and anemia remain high.
Objective: The aim was to describe the household and nutritional factors associated with maternal figure excess weight and child anemia, and the coexistence of both types of malnutrition in a single household.
Methods: This study used 466 woman and child pairs from the 2016 SIVESNU national survey in Guatemala. A woman was considered a maternal figure as she might not have been the biological mother of the child. Child anemia was described as hemoglobin levels <11 g/dL. Maternal figure excess weight is defined as a Body Mass Index ≥ 25 k/m2. Pairs were categorized into four groups: ACOW (anemic child and overweight woman), ACNW (anemic child and normal weight woman), NCOW (non-anemic child and normal weight woman), and NCNW (non-anemic child and normal weight woman. Multivariable logistic regression models estimating unadjusted, adjusted, and mutually adjusted prevalence odds ratios for both child anemia, and excess weight in women were calculated. Based on a priori identified predictor, pairs of different malnutrition burdens were then compared.
Results: ACOW was identified in 2.8% of the households (n=14). Double burden was more common in urban households, households of higher socioeconomic status, households that had a non-indigenous woman, households that had a child with a recent incident of diarrhea (at most 15 days before the survey), and households where the child was not vaccinated for Hepatitis B at birth.
Conclusions: Our findings support further studies using larger samples to investigate the role of area of residence, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and health status of the child on the double burden of malnutrition in Guatemala.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Background………………………………………………………………………………1
Global Nutritional Transition……….……………………………………...1
Malnutrition and the Double Burden.…….………………………………2
Malnutrition in Guatemala………….…………………………………...….2
Key indicators of nutritional status.………….……………………………3
Iron Deficiency, Anemia, Iron Deficiency Anemia.………….………...4
Relevant nutritional indicators in Guatemala.……………………........6
Current Double Burden of Malnutrition in Guatemala………………..7
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………. 11
Methods………………………………………………………………………………..…14
Results………………………………………………………………………………….....18
Discussion……………………………………………………………………...............23
References...…………………………………………………………...…...………......28
Tables…………………………………………………………………………………...…31
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