Community Assets Rooted in Place: Associations Between Local Food Systems and Food Insecurity in Metro Atlanta Open Access

Charlot, Sofia (Spring 2026)

Permanent URL: https://etd.library.emory.edu/concern/etds/xd07gv41j?locale=en
Published

Abstract

Local food systems encompass the interconnected commercial and communal networks that support the production, distribution, and consumption of food. How they shape food access is an upstream determinant of food insecurity. Further downstream, food insecurity leads to poor health and overall life outcomes. This pathway is well documented in public health and food systems research; however, research concerning the exact patterns of how local food systems map onto local rates food insecurity is less common. This study offers a specific look at these patterns in the Metro Atlanta area including Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, DeKalb, Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, and Rockdale County. Using multivariable linear regression, this study evaluates the association between census tract-level food insecurity and the concentration of local food system components. Local food systems include communal components (gardens, farms, orchards, and farmers’ markets) and commercial components (grocery stores, convenience stores, dollar stores, specialty stores, and pharmacies). This distinction allows for a discussion of the structural (i.e. supply chain operations) and social aspects of food (i.e. connection, knowledge transfer, and cultural expression). This study found a positive association between food insecurity and both communal (β = 0.40, 95% CI 0.03, 0.78, p = 0.033) and commercial (β = 1.49, 95% CI 1.03, 1.94, p = <0.001) component concentration. When individual components were disaggregated, the commercial association was largely driven by convenience (β = 1.14, 95% CI 0.85, 1.43, p = <0.001) and dollar stores (β = 0.15, 95% CI 0.06, 0.25, p = 0.001). The communal association was largely driven by gardens (β = 0.33, 95% CI 0.07, 0.59, p = 0.013). These findings suggest three potential scenarios that should be explored in future research—that geographic access to commercial retailers may not translate into more food secure populations; that there may be movement to address food insecurity through the additions of communal gardens and commercial retailers; or a combination of both. Metro Atlanta is positioned to strengthen the connections between communal and commercial food sources in ways that make the local food system more responsive to both the physical and social dimensions of food access.

Table of Contents

 

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Food insecurity is a major public health problem

Figure 1: Food Insecurity Estimates in Metro Atlanta

The role of local food systems in addressing food insecurity

Purpose statement

Project Significance

Research questions

Theoretical frameworks

Definition of Terms

CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction

Review Strategy

Overview of Local Food Systems and Key Components

Figure 2: Commercial Components in Metro Atlanta

Figure 3: Commercial Components in Metro Atlanta

Figure 4: Communal Components in Metro Atlanta

Figure 5: Communal Components in Metro Atlanta

Food Insecurity: Definition, Distribution, and Impacts

Structural Determinants and Measurements of Availability, Affordability, and Accessibility

Relationships Between Local Food Systems and Food Insecurity

Policy, Power, Governance, and Food Justice

Insights from the Literature, Remaining Knowledge Gaps, and Rationale for This Study

CHAPTER 3 - METHODS

Research Design

Measures

Data collection and storage procedures

Data Cleaning

Figure 6: Stepwise Process Used to Build the Analytic Dataset

Analytic Sample

Data Analysis Methodology

CHAPTER 4 – RESULTS

Introduction

Analytic Sample

Univariate Results

Bivariate Associations

Multivariable Associations

Figure 7: Food Insecurity Estimates and Communal and Commercial Local Food

Figure 8: Food Insecurity Estimates and Gardens in Metro Atlanta

Figure 9: Food Insecurity Estimates andConvenience and Dollar Stores in Metro Atlanta

Figure 10: Food Insecurity Estimates and Grocery and Specialty Stores in Metro Atlanta

CHAPTER 5 – DISCUSSION

Introduction

Main Finding 1: Geographic Proximity to Commercial Retailers Is Insufficient for Food Security

Main Finding 2: Communal Gardens as Community Assets

Study Strengths

Study limitations

Future directions

Conclusion

REFERENCES

TABLES

Table 1: Definitions and Details for Neighborhood-Level Food System Components

Table 2: Definitions and Details for Census Tract-Level Community Characteristics

Table 3: Counts and Concentrations of Communal and Commercial Components

Table 4: Descriptive Statistics for all Community Characteristics

Table 5: Scaled Unadjusted Associations Between the Communal and Commercial Component Concentration and Community Characteristics

Table 6: Scaled Adjusted Linear Regression Model Results for the Communal and Commercial Component Concentrations

Table 7: Scaled Adjusted Linear Regression Model Results for Communal Subtype Concentrations

Table 8: Scaled Adjusted Linear Regression Model Results for Commercial Subtype Concentrations

ADDITIONAL FIGURES

Figure 11: Communal and Commercial Component Concentration Distribution After Transformation with Queens Contiguity

Figure 12: Distribution of the Communal and Commercial Concentration Outcome and Food Insecurity Prevalence (%)

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