Mineral intakes and risk of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma Open Access

Abstract

Basic science and animal experiment evidence suggests that mineral intakes may affect risk
for colorectal cancer. This study was conducted to investigate whether magnesium, copper,
zinc, calcium, and iron intakes, separately or combined, are associated with the risk of
incident, sporadic colorectal adenomatous polyps.
Data were analyzed from a case-control study of incident, sporadic adenoma cases (n=566),
colonoscopy-negative controls (n=687), and community controls (n=535) in Minneapolis-St.
Paul, Minnesota between 1990 and 1994. Self-administered questionnaires were used to
col ect dietary and lifestyle information. A mineral score where high and low non-iron
mineral exposures were assigned values of 1 and 0, respectively, while high and low iron
exposures were assigned values of 0 and 1, respectively, was created. Unconditional logistic
regression was used to examine whether intakes of magnesium, copper, zinc, calcium, iron,
or the combined mineral score were associated with risk of adenoma; whether the
association of the combined score with colorectal adenoma is modified by demographic,
dietary and lifestyle factors; as wel as whether the association differs according to specific
adenoma characteristics.
Higher copper intake was associated with a lower risk of adenoma (cases vs. colonoscopy-
negative controls: odds ratio (OR) = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35, 1.16; cases vs.
community controls: OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.97). No statistically significant associations
of intakes of magnesium, zinc, calcium, or iron were found . Risk of adenoma was
approximately 30% lower among those in the highest versus lowest categories of the
combined mineral scores (cases vs. colonoscopy-negative controls: OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.41,
1.15; cases vs. community controls: OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.22). The results on the
association between mineral scores and risk of adenoma did not substantial y differ
according to demographic, lifestyle, or dietary factors. The inverse association was stronger
for multiple and large adenomas as wel as those with moderate or severe dysplasia.
This study supports the hypothesis that higher intakes of non-iron mineral combined with
lower iron intake may be associated with a lower risk of incident, sporadic colorectal
adenomas polyps, especially for adenomas with advanced characteristics.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND......................................................................1

Introduction.................................................................................................................1 Background..................................................................................................................2 Descriptive epidemiology of colorectal cancer......................................................................2 Colorectal carcinogenesis..............................................................................................3 Analytical epidemiology of colorectal cancer......................................................................5 Minerals and colorectal cancers.....................................................................................10 CHAPTER 2. MINERAL INTAKES AND RISK OF INCIDENT, SPRORADIC COLORECTAL ADENOMA............17 Abstract.......................................................................................................................17 Introduction...................................................................................................................18 Materials and methods......................................................................................................21 Results..........................................................................................................................26 Discussion......................................................................................................................28 CHAPTER 3. FUTURE DIRECTIONS...........................................................................................34 TABLES.............................................................................................................................36 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................51

About this Master's Thesis

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School	Rollins School of Public Health
Department	Epidemiology
Degree	MPH
Submission	Master's Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Health Sciences, Public Health
Keyword	Colorectal adenomas Minerals
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Bostick, Roberd M, Emory University
Partnering Agencies	Does not apply (no collaborating organization)

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