Anabolic Steroid Use and Violence among Athletes and across Gender Open Access

Abstract

Studies that have examined the link between anabolic steroids and violence in the past
have yielded mixed results. Some studies have found anabolic steroid usage to be associated
with increased aggression and an increased likelihood of engaging in violence, while others have
not. This study examines whether anabolic steroids are more likely to cause some types of
people to engage in violence than others. Specifically, it looks at how athletic participation and
gender impact a steroid user's likelihood of engaging in violence. Cross tabulations were used to
analyze measures of violence, steroid use, athletic participation, and gender from data in the
"Monitoring the Future Survey" from 2009. The results indicated that athletic participation did
not influence a steroid user's likelihood of engaging in violence. However, male steroid users
were more likely to be violent than female steroid users. These findings suggest that some
steroid users may be more likely to engage in violence than others.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

LITERATURE REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

General Links between Drugs and Crime

Anabolic Steroids (General Background)

Anabolic Steroids and Crime/Violence

THEORY AND HYPOTHESES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Athletic Participation

Gender

Hypotheses

DATA AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Measures

RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Steroid Use and Violence

Steroid Use and Violence among Athletes and Non-Athletes

Steroid Use and Violence among Males and Females

DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48


LIST OF TABLES

Cross Tabulation One: Level of Steroid Use and Level of Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Cross Tabulation Two: Athletic Involvement, Level of Steroid Use, and Level of Violence . . . . . . . . . . 37

Cross Tabulation Three: Gender, Level of Steroid Use, and Level of Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

About this Honors Thesis

Rights statement

• Permission granted by the author to include this thesis or dissertation in this repository. All rights reserved by the author. Please contact the author for information regarding the reproduction and use of this thesis or dissertation.

School	Emory College
Department	Sociology
Degree	BA
Submission	Honors Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Sociology, Criminology and Penology
Keyword	Gender Athletics Steroids
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Agnew, Robert S, Emory University
Committee Members	Griffiths, Elizabeth A, Emory University Murphy, Scott, Emory University

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