Enfance et poétique de la survie dans la littérature (post)coloniale sub-saharienne et hexagonale francophone Open Access
Bujon, Hugo Désiré Benjamin (Spring 2022)
Abstract
This dissertation focuses on four texts that narrate a colonial history of the last hundred years. This history is a disastrous one; the colonial is always both the cause and the effect of the disaster as much as the disaster itself. Les chants d’ombre by Léopold Sédar Senghor, Congo Inc. by In Koli Jean Bofane, Le rivage des Syrtes by Julien Gracq, and the psychiatric cases of the Damnés de la terre by Frantz Fanon, write this history and a survival to it. This survival means first the survival of writing, that there is still one more inscription, which produces another one, and another one ad lib. I contend that this survival happens through childhood, be it defined as the child, a time of life, or a positionality. Childhood and children are not necessarily the main topic of these texts. Nevertheless, I demonstrate that childhood is from where poetry emerges, and via poetr writing, thus survival against the colonial disaster. Reciprocally, colonization suppresses writing for the colonized by attacking something named childhood, defined as the “original chaos,” and this in the name of childhood, defined as the “lost paradise.” I propose that, far from an “original chaos” or a “prime paradise,” the two colonial definitions of childhood, childhood is for these texts the possibility of an event, because the possibility of the touch of the other, and thus the possibility of time. Everyone is belated vis-à-vis this childhood, this childhood that must survive and that is ceaselessly erased. Colonization will appear in this way itself belated – childhood being always already erased, awaiting, it is always already the disaster – and a renewal of the erasure of childhood, once more, maybe more than ever.
Table of Contents
Remerciements. 6
Introduction. 10
1. L’écriture et le travail de la mort 13
2. Enfance, innocence. 15
3. Les textes. 18
4. Revue de littérature. 19
5. Méthodologie. 29
6. Tour de l’enfance. 30
7. Le reste du vivant 31
8. Le cauchemar de l’autre. 33
9. Le vertige de l’enfance. 34
I. Tour de l’enfance dans Chants d’ombre de Léopold Sédar Senghor 37
1. État de la recherche. 40
2. La parabole de l’enfant prodigue. 47
3. Le transbord du poète. 50
4. La trahison des pères. 53
5. Le faire-monde des marchands et banquiers. 58
6. L’Europe et la jalousie. 60
7. L’éléphant de Mbissel et l’ambassade. 63
8. La ruse du détour 68
9. La venue du jour 72
10. Humanisation et raison instrumentale. 73
11. Le paradis gardé. 78
12. Affectivité et rythme. 81
13. Sur(-)vie. 88
II. Le reste du vivant dans Congo Inc. de In Koli Jean Bofane. 91
10. L’angle de lecture. 93
11. Raging Trade. 96
12. Gérer la forêt : la pulsion gloutonne. 103
13. La metallisation. 112
14. Marquer la survie. 120
15. La diablerie et le devenir-shégué. 126
16. L’enfance demeure. 132
17. Phrasé sylvestre. 138
III. Le cauchemar de l’autre dans Le Rivage des Syrtes de Julien Gracq 147
1. Protocole de lecture. 150
2. La Ville-empire. 153
3. La vieillesse. 161
4. Orsenna clivée. 170
5. L’autre, le Farghestan. 179
6. L’enfance vive. 188
IV. Le vertige de l’enfance : deux cas psychiatriques des Damnés de la terre 200
1. Corpus et revue de littérature. 204
2. Cas B.1. 207
3. Cas A.3. 229
4. Infantilisation et vampirisme. 250
Conclusion. 253
Bibliographie. 261
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