The association between Pulse Wave Velocity and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. Open Access
Kim, Hyena (Spring 2024)
Abstract
Title: The association between Pulse Wave Velocity and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease.
Background: Several meta-analyses have demonstrated a negative correlation between arterial stiffness and cognitive function, suggesting that pulse wave velocity (PWV) could be a promising clinical non-invasive biomarker for detecting cognitive decline. Notably, a cross-sectional study with participants from the Framingham Heart Study's Third Generation cohort found that higher aortic stiffness and pressure pulsatility were linked to increased tau protein accumulation in the rhinal and entorhinal areas. While the tau protein-to-peptide ratio in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a well-established Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) biomarker, the link between PWV and AD CSF biomarkers has not been examined.
Objective: This study focuses on examining the relationship between PWV and the CSF tTau/Aβ42 and pTau/Aβ42.
Methods: We analyzed the cross-sectional association between PWV and AD CSF biomarkers in the Emory Healthy Brain study in Atlanta, GA using logistic regression methods. For the logistic regression analyses, the continuous pTau/Aβ42 and tTau/Aβ42 ratios were converted into binary variables using established cutoff values of 0.022 and 0.26, respectively. We used an established cut-off for PWV of 6.7 m/s which is indicative of higher arterial stiffness. Unadjusted analyses were done before proceeding to adjust models to assess the association between PWV and CSF biomarkers.
Results and Conclusion: Of 751 subjects, 69% were female, 84% were White, 12% were Black and 27% had a history of smoking. The mean age was 62 years, the mean educational attainment was 17 years and the mean BMI was 26. Our study identified an association between subjects with higher PWV and AD biomarker positivity when the data was adjusted for the covariates. Notably, this association remained statistically significant for the BM+ tTau/Aβ42 (OR, 1.76; 95%CI, 1.10-2.73) even after adjusting for age, sex, race, education, BMI, and smoking history. While these results highlight PWV as a potential early marker for brain health related to AD, future longitudinal studies are necessary to fully understand the relationship between PWV and AD.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1. Introduction: 3
2. Materials and Methods. 5
Study Design. 5
Data Source and Study population. 6
Independent Variable and Covariates. 6
Statistical analysis. 7
3. Results. 7
Descriptive statistics. 7
Unadjusted models. 9
Adjusted models. 9
4. Discussion. 10
5. Conclusion. 11
6. Reference. 12
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