Determining the effects of childhood maltreatment and HIV status on ex vivo cytokine response to stimulation in women Open Access

Abstract

HIV has evolved from an acute to a chronic medical condition due to advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART). As people living with HIV (PLWH) age, clinicians have noticed the emergence of age-related, inflammation-driven conditions related to HIV infection. These HIV-associated, non-AIDS (HANA) conditions are implicated in the development of many pathologies and are seen even in patients with adequate viral suppression on ART. The inflammatory drivers behind HANA disease development remain unclear. Childhood maltreatment is a known driver of chronic inflammation, and PLWH report high rates of childhood trauma exposure. We assessed the effects of childhood maltreatment and HIV on ex vivo immune response to LPS and E2 in late-reproductive-aged women. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from women with HIV or at risk of HIV infection and exposed to pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli ex vivo to assess cytokine response. We utilized a linear mixed-effects model to assess how childhood maltreatment and HIV infection affect ex vivo IL-6 and IL-10 cytokine production. Our model demonstrated that the effects of HIV infection and childhood maltreatment on IL-6 production were dependent on the presence of an inflammatory stimulus. Our model also demonstrated that the effect of childhood maltreatment on IL-10 response was dependent on HIV status. Taken together, our findings suggest that, in the setting of adequate HIV viral suppression, sociodemographic variables, such as childhood maltreatment, play an immunomodulatory role and should be included in future studies.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Materials and Methods 3

3. Results 7

4. Discussion 19

5. Grants 22

6. Disclosures 22

7. References 23

About this Master's Thesis

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School	Laney Graduate School
Department	Clinical Research
Degree	M.S.
Submission	Master's Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Psychology, Clinical Health Sciences, Immunology
Keyword	linear mixed-effects model IL-10 IL-6 HIV women living with HIV HIV-associated non-AIDs HANA childhood maltreatment
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Vasiliki Michopoulos, Emory University
Committee Members	Amita Manatunga, Emory University Igho Ofotokun, Emory University

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