“They are Always Looking After Us”: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding How Transnational Families from the INCAP Longitudinal Study Cope with Health Crises in El Progreso, Guatemala Open Access

Zuniga De La Cerda, Regina (Spring 2018)

Permanent URL: https://etd.library.emory.edu/concern/etds/dz010q099?locale=en
Published

Abstract

Background: Since 1997 Guatemalan migrants were workers seeking economic opportunities and stability in the United States.

Purpose: Develop a holistic understanding of migration and its effects among sending families in El Progreso, Guatemala.

Methods: Cross-sectional mixed methods approach with triangulation. The participation rate of those approached was of 60 percent, for a total of 140 respondents for the quantitative. This sample became the universe of the qualitative phase; 13 participants were selected purposively for in-depth interviews.

Results: International migration is often the last resource for families in their hopes to prosper. They became migrants to have “a better future”. Migrants rely on the social network of migrants, which facilitates and perpetuates chain migration from the sending community to the United States. From the sending family’s perspective, the journey to reach the destination is challenging. However, migrants endure the hardships of migrating by land because the benefits outweigh immediate risks. The immediate effect of migration is a sense of family fragmentation in Guatemala that eventually resulted in the emergence of transnational families in the long-term. Transnational families stay together through continual communication and the flow remittances. The familial bond seems to be directly related to a “responsibility” or “promise” to remit to Guatemala. All parents and siblings talked about how their relatives are committed to helping support parents in their old age, as a gesture of gratitude for all that parents gave them. Having a family member living in the United States becomes a safety net for Guatemalan families, especially in terms of seeking medical care in health crisis. An emergency that involves aging parents, leads to an increase of communication and remittances.

Discussion: Migration enables sending families to access healthcare and provides different ways for migrants to care for their families, thus increasing the inequalities in the sending communities.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction          1

Introduction and Rationale    1

Problem Statement   2

The purpose Statement         2

Significance Statement         3

Chapter 2: Comprehensive Review of the Literature 4

Historical context of Guatemala       4

Poverty in Guatemala 6

Migration from Guatemala to the United States     7

The connected migrant         8

Remittances  10

Effects of migration in the sending communities    11

Guatemala’s Healthcare System      12

Chapter 3: Methods   14

Introduction to the INCAP Longitudinal Study           14

Quantitative methods 16

Population and Sample         16

Participant recruitment         17

Participants    17

Procedures     18

Instrumentation         18

Analysis          19

Qualitative methods  20

Participants and sample size 20

Participant recruitment         20

Participants    20

Instrumentation         21

Analysis          22

Ethical considerations 23

Limitations and Delimitations           23

Chapter 4: Results     24

Becoming an economic migrant       26

Relying on their social network for support  28

Migration experience by land 29

The risks of the journey – crossing both Mexico and the United States borders     32

Staying connected via transnational communication           32

Keeping the promise to support their family in Guatemala 34

Illness is a family concern     37

Death of a parent reunites transnational families and demonstrates community solidarity         39

Chapter 4: Discussion 42

Economic burden of illness in poor rural households           42

Remittances enable poor households to access healthcare 43

Transnational caregiving for ageing parents 44

Limitations     46

Research implications and Recommendations        46

Conclusion      46

References     48

Appendices    51

Appendix 1: Quantitative questionnaire       51

Appendix 2: Quantitative informed consent form    58

Appendix 3: In-depth interview guide           61

Appendix 4: Qualitative informed consent form      64

Appendix 5: Letters of IRB approval  67

About this Master's Thesis

Rights statement
  • Permission granted by the author to include this thesis or dissertation in this repository. All rights reserved by the author. Please contact the author for information regarding the reproduction and use of this thesis or dissertation.
School
Department
Degree
Submission
Language
  • English
Research Field
Keyword
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor
Committee Members
Partnering Agencies
Last modified

Primary PDF

Supplemental Files