Size Matters. Does Number? Magnitude Perception and Dominance Judgments. Open Access
Schwartz, Bari Lynn (2012)
Abstract
Abstract
Size Matters. Does Number? Magnitude Perception and Dominance
Judgments.
Social animals develop social structures so they can organize their
environment. Following these
structures, animals must make decisions based on dominance. Those
who are more dominant
have priority access to desirable objects such as food and mates.
Previous research suggests that
human infants and other non-human animals are able to use certain
information, such as physical
size and number, to determine dominance. The current study examined
how 3-year-olds, 5-year-
olds, and adults used physical size and numerical information to
determine which of two groups
was dominant. When presented alone, 3-year-olds and adults were
able to use number and
physical size to make dominance judgments. When pitted against each
other, these participants
showed a preference for physical size, at least when the groups
consisted of relatively few
individuals. Five-year-olds, however, focused on number to make
dominance judgments. These
results suggest that there is an early basis for the ability to use
magnitude information to
represent dominance and that learning may affect the relative
saliency of magnitudes when
judging dominance.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction...1
Dominance in Non-human Animals...1
Dominance in Humans...3
Magnitude Discrimination...5
The Current Study...6
Hypotheses and goals...8
Methods...8
Participants...8
Stimuli and Design...9
Task and Procedure...10
Results...12
Scoring for Social Competition Task...12
Analyses of Children's Responses...12
Analyses of Adult's Responses...13
Choice proportion...13
Reaction time and odds...14
General Results...15
Discussion...16
Three-year-olds and Adults...16
Five-year-old Children...17
Learning How to Represent Dominance...20
Summary...21
Tables and Figures...23
Table 1...23
Figure 1...24
Figure 2...25
Figure 3...26
Figure 4...27
Figure 5...28
References...29
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