Delivery Complications and Parenting Behaviors as Predictors of Externalizing Problems in the Preschool Period Open Access
Woodward, Kerri Eileen (2013)
Published
Abstract
Previous studies have shown a relationship between delivery complications and risk for antisocial behavior in childhood. These risks are exacerbated when the child also has negative social experiences, particularly within the family environment. Multiple studies have shown antisocial behavior in childhood to be highly predictive of antisocial behavior into adulthood: It is important to identify possible modifiable factors that may alter this negative trajectory. The present study investigated a relationship between delivery complications and parental behaviors as predictive of externalizing behaviors in the preschool period. Duration of maternal psychiatric illness was investigated as a possible confound to this relationship. Similarly, gender was investigated as a moderator to the relationship between delivery complications, parenting behaviors, and child externalizing behaviors. Participants (N=219) included mothers and their preschool-aged children that performed a parent-child interaction during their lab visit. Observational measures of parenting and multiple measures of child externalizing behaviors were used to test our hypotheses. Linear regressions showed parental warmth to be negatively related and parental control to be positively related to observed and maternal reported measures of child externalizing behaviors. Further, linear regression identified a significant interaction between delivery complications, parental control, and gender as predicting secondary caregiver reports of child externalizing behaviors. For girls with low parental control, delivery complications and externalizing behaviors were positively related. Parental behaviors were related to child behavioral outcome, suggesting an importance for positive parenting in at-risk populations. Further interpretations and implications of these findings are discussed.
Table of Contents
Introduction...1
Theoretical foundation....1
Prenatal complications...............2
Parenting behaviors....4
Gender differences...5
The present study...6
Clarification of central aims...6
Method....7
Participants........7
Procedure..7
Measures..8
Results..11
Discussion..14
Implications......17
Limitations......17
Future research directions..18
Conclusions........19
References..20
Tables...22
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