Believing Women with Autoimmune Diseases: Correcting Testimonial Injustice in Healthcare Open Access

Terrebonne, Katherine (Spring 2026)

Permanent URL: https://etd.library.emory.edu/concern/etds/bz60cx90j?locale=en
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Abstract

For many women living with autoimmune diseases, simply being believed is one of the most challenging obstacles to receiving quality healthcare. Epistemic injustice, Miranda Fricker’s term for a wrong done to a person in their capacity as a knower, is partly to blame. This thesis focuses on a subtype of epistemic injustice known as testimonial injustice, which refers to wrongs that occur when a listener’s biases or prejudices incorrectly deflate the credibility of a speaker’s word. In clinical settings, acts of testimonial injustice are exceptionally harmful and have widespread implications for patient health and well-being. Female patients reporting common symptoms of autoimmune disease (i.e., fatigue, brain fog, joint pain, unusual bodily sensations, etc.) to healthcare providers are frequently subjected to acts of testimonial injustice, especially when they inhabit marginalized social identities. A growing body of bioethical scholarship supports an urgent need to address the problem of testimonial injustice in the healthcare setting. In this thesis, I argue that (1) entrenched healthcare biases (i.e., gender bias, pathocentric prejudices, objectivity bias in evidence-based medicine (EBM), etc.) leave women living with autoimmune diseases particularly vulnerable to this type of epistemic injustice, (2) clinicians have professional duties and ethical obligations to work toward correcting testimonial injustice in healthcare, and (3) “rightly” believing patients (i.e., assigning patients appropriate credibility that is not wrongly deflated due to prejudice or bias) is a plausible method for lessening the frequency and severity of these acts against women with autoimmune disorders. Believing patients rightly can be achieved through the cultivation and authentic embodiment of certain intellectual and moral virtues by providers, for example, epistemic humility, epistemic solidarity, open-mindedness, patience, curiosity, and compassion. Future research should focus on resolving implementation challenges so that women with autoimmune disorders can (1) assume their rightful place as credible testifiers of their embodied illness experience and co-creators of medical knowledge, and (2) fairly access the healthcare resources they are rightly owed.

Table of Contents

 

Contents

Acknowledgements                                                                                                   vi

Introduction                                                                                                                1

Chapter 1                    Testimonial Injustice                                                           8

Chapter 2                    Why Change is Necessary                                                   20

Chapter 3                    Clinical Obligations                                                             41

Chapter 4                    Recommendations                                                               64

Chapter 5                    Objections                                                                             89

Conclusion                                                                                                                  96       

Bibliography                                                                                                              101

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