The role of disease-driven human mobility changes in dengue transmission Restricted; Files Only

Schaber, Kathryn (Fall 2019)

Permanent URL: https://etd.library.emory.edu/concern/etds/b8515p554?locale=en
Published

Abstract

Human mobility plays a central role in shaping pathogen transmission by generating spatial and/or individual variability in potential pathogen-transmitting contacts. Fine-scale, daily mobility patterns are of particular importance for viruses spread by Aedes aegypti, a day-biting mosquito with a limited flight range and a propensity for residential locations. Indeed, house-to-house human movement has been shown to underlie spatial patterns of dengue incidence. Recent research has shown, however, that symptomatic infection can influence human mobility and pathogen transmission dynamics. While the mobility changes of a symptomatic individual and their social contacts can significantly influence the spread of directly transmitted pathogens, they have not yet been included in theoretical models of dengue virus (DENV) transmission. This dissertation aims to determine the importance of dynamic human mobility patterns for human-mosquito contact networks that lead to DENV transmission heterogeneity. Data were analyzed on the mobility of symptomatic dengue cases and their social contacts, then the impact of these disease-driven mobility changes on human-mosquito contacts and onward DENV transmission was determined. I found that presence and magnitude of mobility change depended on the day of illness and the individual’s sense of well-being, with the largest decrease in mobility occurring on the first three days of symptoms when infectiousness is peaking. Almost all symptomatic individuals received help from their housemates throughout illness and continued to receive visits from their ‘routine visitors’, most of whom were aware of the illness. Those who did help symptomatic individuals only made mobility changes drastic enough to affect their work in 28% of cases. When accounting for symptomatic mobility change, there were significant changes in the number of expected mosquito bites an infectious individual received, the location the bites occurred, and the individual’s predicted onward transmission. I also found that the role of biting suitability in determining an individual’s onward transmission can be dependent on the density of mosquitoes in the individual’s home. Broadly, these results display a variety of ways symptomatic dengue illness can impact human mobility patterns, further affecting an individual’s exposure to human-mosquito contacts and their overall contribution to DENV transmission. 

Table of Contents

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION                                                                                                  1

1.1 Human movement, social contacts, and vector-borne disease                                                   1

1.2 Dengue as a model system                                                                                                         3

1.3 Study Area                                                                                                                                  4

1.4 Dissertation Summary                                                                                                                5

1.5 References                                                                                                                                  6

CHAPTER II: DENGUE ILLNESS IMPACTS DAILY HUMAN MOBILITY PATTERNS IN IQUITOS, PERU         10

2.1 Introduction                                                                                                                              10

2.2 Methods                                                                                                                                    12

2.3 Results                                                                                                                                      19

2.4 Discussion                                                                                                                                23

2.5 Tables                                                                                                                                       27

            Table 2.1                                                                                                                                27

Table 2.2                                                                                                                                27

Table 2.3                                                                                                                                27

Table 2.4                                                                                                                                28

Table 2.5                                                                                                                                28

2.6 Figures                                                                                                                                      29

            Figure 2.1                                                                                                                               29

            Figure 2.2                                                                                                                               30

            Figure 2.3                                                                                                                               31

            Figure 2.4                                                                                                                               32

2.7 Supplementary materials                                                                                                          33

            Text S2.1                                                                                                                                33

            Table S2.1                                                                                                                              33

            Table S2.2                                                                                                                              34

            Table S2.3                                                                                                                              34

            Table S2.4                                                                                                                              35

            Table S2.5                                                                                                                              36

            Table S2.6                                                                                                                              37

            Table S2.7                                                                                                                              38

            Table S2.8                                                                                                                              38

            Table S2.9                                                                                                                              38

            Table S2.10                                                                                                                            39

            Table S2.11                                                                                                                            39

            Table S2.12                                                                                                                            39

            Table S2.13                                                                                                                            39

            Figure S2.1                                                                                                                             40

            Figure S2.2                                                                                                                             41

            Figure S2.3                                                                                                                             42

2.8 References                                                                                                                                43

CHAPTER III: THE UNEXPECTED COST OF CAREGIVING FOR SYMPTOMATIC DENGUE CASES                                                                                                                            48

3.1 Introduction                                                                                                                              48           

3.2 Methods                                                                                                                                    50

3.3 Results                                                                                                                                      55

3.4 Discussion                                                                                                                                59

3.5 Tables                                                                                                                                       63

            Table 3.1                                                                                                                                63

Table 3.2                                                                                                                                64

Table 3.3                                                                                                                                65

3.6 Figures                                                                                                                                      65

            Figure 3.1                                                                                                                               65

            Figure 3.2                                                                                                                               66

            Figure 3.3                                                                                                                               67

            Figure 3.4                                                                                                                               68

3.7 Supplementary materials                                                                                                          69

            Table S3.1                                                                                                                              69

            Table S3.2                                                                                                                              69

            Table S3.3                                                                                                                              70

            Table S3.4                                                                                                                              71

            Table S3.5                                                                                                                              72

            Table S3.6                                                                                                                              73

            Table S3.7                                                                                                                              74

            Table S3.8                                                                                                                              75

            Table S3.9                                                                                                                              76

            Table S3.10                                                                                                                            77

            Table S3.11                                                                                                                            78

            Table S3.12                                                                                                                            79

3.8 References                                                                                                                                80

CHAPTER IV: THE IMPACT OF SYMPTOMATIC MOBILITY CHANGE ON DENGUE VIRUS TRANSMISSION       84

4.1 Introduction                                                                                                                              84

4.2 Methods                                                                                                                                    86

4.3 Results                                                                                                                                      96

4.4 Discussion                                                                                                                              100

4.5 Tables                                                                                                                                     103

            Table 4.1                                                                                                                              103

Table 4.2                                                                                                                              103

Table 4.3                                                                                                                              104

Table 4.4                                                                                                                              104

4.6 Figures                                                                                                                                    105

            Figure 4.1                                                                                                                             105

            Figure 4.2                                                                                                                             106

            Figure 4.3                                                                                                                             107

            Figure 4.4                                                                                                                             108

            Figure 4.5                                                                                                                             109

            Figure 4.6                                                                                                                             110

            Figure 4.7                                                                                                                             110

4.7 Supplementary materials                                                                                                        111

            Table S4.1                                                                                                                            111

            Table S4.2                                                                                                                            111

            Table S4.3                                                                                                                            112

            Table S4.4                                                                                                                            113

            Table S4.5                                                                                                                            114

            Table S4.6                                                                                                                            115

            Table S4.7                                                                                                                            116

            Table S4.8                                                                                                                            116

            Table S4.9                                                                                                                            117

Table S4.10                                                                                                                          118

Table S4.11                                                                                                                          119

Table S4.12                                                                                                                          120

Table S4.13                                                                                                                          121

Table S4.14                                                                                                                          122

Table S4.15                                                                                                                          123

Table S4.16                                                                                                                          123

Table S4.17                                                                                                                          124

            Figure S4.1                                                                                                                           125

            Figure S4.2                                                                                                                           125

            Figure S4.3                                                                                                                           126

            Figure S4.4                                                                                                                           126

Figure S4.5                                                                                                                           127

Figure S4.6                                                                                                                           127

Figure S4.7                                                                                                                           128

Figure S4.8                                                                                                                           129

Figure S4.9                                                                                                                           130

Figure S4.10                                                                                                                         130

Figure S4.11                                                                                                                         131

Figure S4.12                                                                                                                         132

Figure S4.13                                                                                                                         132

Figure S4.14                                                                                                                         133

Figure S4.15                                                                                                                         133

4.8 References                                                                                                                              134

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION                                                                                                 138

5.1 Summary of Results                                                                                                               138

5.2 Future Directions                                                                                                                    140

5.3 References                                                                                                                              141            

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