Understanding the Association of Depressive Symptomology, Race-Related Stress, and Chronic Kidney Disease among African Americans Open Access
Pustinger, Maggie (Spring 2022)
Abstract
Introduction: African Americans have an increased likelihood of progression through the stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) more quickly than their White counterparts. Studies have assessed possible explanations, and there is no clear reason for this difference in status. While a number of studies have assessed the effect of race-related stress and depression on other health outcomes, few known quantitative studies have thoroughly assessed the role of race-related stress and depression on CKD status. The purpose of this study is to understand how depressive symptomology and race-related stress are associated with CKD stage.
Methods: This study applied the Brondolo et al. (2011b) framework through a secondary analysis of data originally collected for the study “A Randomized Trial of Race-Related Stress among African Americans with Chronic Kidney Disease” (n=68). Logistic regressions produced odds ratios (ORs) for perceived race-related stress and depressive symptomology.
Results: A chi-square test was conducted to examine the association between chronic experiences of discriminatory stress and depressive symptomology. Results suggest that there is a statistically significant association (=8.873; df=1; p=0.003) with those with more frequent experiences of discriminatory stress reporting depressive symptomology (n=18, 81.8%) compared to those reporting less frequent experiences of discriminatory stress (n=4, 18.2%). To address aim one, the association between depressive symptomology and CKD, a bivariate analysis was conducted. Results to test aim one did not suggest a statistically significant association (p=0.601). A bivariate test was run to address aim two, the association between perceived race-related stress and CKD. Results to test aim two did not suggest a statistically significant association (p=0.354). The multivariate logistic conducted to test for the independent effects between depressive symptomology (p=0.959) and perceived race-related stress (p=0.726) in chronic kidney disease status showed no significant results.
Discussion: Given the exploratory nature of the grant used to fund this study and the nature of this research, the sample size was small. The small sample size may have been a reason that the findings of this study were nonsignificant. However, given the significance in the analysis between chronic experiences of discrimination and depressive symptomology, there is indication that frameworks such as the Brondolo et al. (2011b) framework should be applied to more research on health outcomes that may be adversely impacted by racism.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background
Racism
Racism and CKD
Stress and Health Outcomes
Linking Stress and Depression
Problem Statement
Theoretical Framework
Purpose of the Study
Research Question
Definitions
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Introduction
Racism and Health
Stress and Health Outcomes
Race-Related Stress and Health
Stress and Depression
Race-Related Stress and Chronic Kidney Disease
Theoretical Framework
Background
Long term Impact of Ethnicity-Related Maltreatment
Summary of the Problem
Chapter 3: Methods
Introduction
Study Purpose
Research Aims
Human Subjects Approval
Study Population and Sample
Target Population and Sample
Sampling and Recruitment
Survey Administration and Procedures
Eligibility Requirements
Measures
Outcome Measures
Personal Demographic Characteristics
Depressive Symptomology
Chronic Discriminatory Stress
Data Analysis Methodology
Preliminary Analyses
Assessment of Research Aims
Chapter 4: Results
Data Analysis
Preliminary Analyses
Summary of Results
Chapter 5: Discussion
Introduction
Summary of Study
Discussion of Key Results
Research Aim 1
Research Aim 2
Research Aim 3
Overall Findings
Strengths and Limitations
Implications for Anti-Racist Sentiment
Future Directions
Recommendations
Conclusions
References
Appendix A
About this Master's Thesis
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