Do Auditory Figure-Ground Difficulties Contribute to Illicit Use of Stimulant Medication? Open Access
Wisotsky, Rachel Melissa (2012)
Abstract
Abstract
Do Auditory Figure-Ground Difficulties Contribute to Illicit Use of
Stimulant Medication?
Illicit use of stimulant medication as a study drug has increased
on college campuses, with
prevalence rates ranging from 4.1% (McCabe et al., 2005) to 34%
(DeSantis et al., 2008).
Students have anecdotally reported using the medication to filter
out background noise when
studying (DeSantis et al., 2008). Audiology research has suggested
that stimulant medication
may improve auditory processing performance in children with
ADD/ADHD diagnoses (Tillery
et al., 2000). The purpose of the present study was to investigate
whether auditory figure-ground
difficulties contribute to illicit stimulant use. The study also
examined whether illicit stimulant
users and non-users differed in sensation seeking and other
substance use. The sample consisted
of 52 college students without ADHD diagnoses, 24 who reported high
difficulty filtering out
background noise and 28 who reported low difficulty filtering out
background noise. The
researchers administered two screening tests of the SCAN:3-A, a
memory recall task, and a
survey containing items about sensation seeking, substance use,
illicit stimulant use, motivations
for stimulant use, and perceived effects of stimulants. A
chi-squared test of independence found
a statistical trend of greater stimulant medication use in the high
auditory figure-ground
difficulty group. However, when overall drug use was controlled
for, the trend disappeared. An
independent samples t-test found that stimulant users scored
significantly higher on the
disinhibition sub-scale of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale
(BSSS). A Mann-Whitney U-test
found that stimulant users also used significantly more alcohol,
illicit drugs, and prescription
drugs than non-users.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION 1
Public Health Concerns and Abuse Potential of ADHD Medication
2
lllicit Use of Stimulant Medication on College Campuses 3
Rates of illicit use 4
Demographic and risk factors 5
Motivational Factors and Attitudes
Perceived Effects 6
Substance Use
Sensation seeking
Self-reported auditory-figure ground difficulties 7
Effect of Stimulant Medication on Auditory Processing in Children
with ADHD 8
The Present Research Question and Hypotheses 11
METHOD 13
Participants
Procedure 14
Measures 15
Phase 1 16
Recruitment survey
Phase 2
SCAN-3:A screening tests 17
AFG 0 d B 18
CW-FR
Memory recall task 19
Survey overview
Demographics 20
BSSS
Alcohol use
Drug use
Tobacco use
Caffeine use
Illicit use of prescription medications
Illicit use of stimulant medication, motivation for use, and
perceived
effects
RESULTS
Motivations and Perceived Helpfulness of Stimulant Medication
22
Tests of Hypotheses 23
Hypothesis one
Hypothesis two 24
Hypothesis three
Hypothesis four 25
Hypothesis five
DISCUSSION 26
Limitations 30
Future Research 31
Implications for Intervention 32
Conclusion 33
REFERENCES 35
TABLES
Table 1 39
Table 2 40
Table 3 41
Table 4 42
Table 5 43
Table 6A 44
Table 6B
Table 7 45
Table 8 46
APPENDIX A 47
APPENDIX B 48
APPENDIX C 49
APPENDIX D 50
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