Male-On-Male Sexual Violence and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization & Perpetration: Social and Behavioral Determinants & Health Implications among South African Men Open Access
Murdock, Daniel Wade (2016)
Abstract
High rates of male-on-male sexual violence have been documented among South African men in the general population and disproportionally affect men who have sex with men (MSM). South African MSM also face high rates of physical intimate partner violence (PIPV). This dissertation applies a mixed-methods approach to identify social and behavioral correlates of male-on-male sexual violence and PIPV victimization and perpetration among MSM and non-MSM. The study also examines links between violence, depression, and HIV risk. Study findings revealed many parallels between male-on-female violence and male-on-male violence, and suggest that male-on-male sexual violence and PIPV are often associated with gendered norms and behaviors. The findings also indicate that both community homophobia and internalized homophobia are associated with violence victimization and perpetration. This research underscores the mental and sexual health implications of violence, examines novel theoretical approaches for understanding male-on-male violence, and supports evidence-based approaches to address male-on-male sexual violence and PIPV.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introductory Literature Review. 1
Significance. 1
Sexual Violence and PIPV among MSM Globally. 4
Social Determinants of PIPV and Sexual Violence among MSM. 5
Violence & Masculine Gender Constructions. 8
Gender & Power. 11
Gay Identities & Homophobia in South Africa. 13
Sexual Violence & STIs. 15
Conclusions. 19
References. 20
Chapter 2: Gender presentation, sexual identity, and partnership dynamics among South African MSM and MSM/W: Implications for violence and HIV prevention. 31
Abstract. 32
Introduction. 34
Methods. 37
Results. 39
Discussion. 45
References. 48
Chapter 3: Disparities in violence, mental health, and HIV risks among South African men with socially marginalized masculinities: An application of the Theory of Gender & Power. 53
Abstract. 54
Introduction. 56
Methods. 62
Results. 68
Discussion. 71
References. 75
Appendix: Tables & Figures. 79
Table 1: Characteristics of the Study Sample. 80
Table 2: Correlation Coefficients of Observed Indicator Variables. 81
Table 3: Results of the Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. 83
Figure 1: Hypothesized Model. 85
Figure 2: Standardized Measurement Model Results. 86
Figure 3: Standardized SEM Results: Hypothesized Model. 87
Figure 4: Standardized SEM Results: Final Model. 88
Chapter 4: A group-level path analysis comparing social and behavioral correlates of sexual violence perpetrated against men and women by MSM and non-MSM in South Africa. 89
Abstract. 90
Introduction. 92
Methods. 95
Results. 101
Discussion. 102
References. 107
Appendix: Tables & Figures. 113
Table 1: Social and Behavioral Characteristics of the Sample by MSM Status. 114
Table 2: Direct Effects. 115
Table 3: Indirect Effects. 117
Table 4: Total Effects. 118
Figure 1: Hypothesized Model. 120
Figure 2: Standardized Coefficients for Paths Significant at *p<0.06 among Non-MSM. 121
Figure 3: Standardized Coefficients for Paths Significant at *p<0.06 among MSM. 122
Chapter 5: Conclusion. 123
Male-On-Male PIPV and Sexual Violence Victimization. 123
Male-On-Male Sexual Violence Perpetration. 125
Overlapping Violence Victimization and Perpetration. 127
Mental and Sexual Health Implications. 128
Study Limitations. 129
Future Recommendations. 129
References. 131
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