The Global Seasonality of Norovirus Gastroenteritis Open Access
Ahmed, Sharia Marie (2012)
Abstract
Abstract
The Global Seasonality of Norovirus Gastroenteritis
Background: Norovirus is the leading cause of epidemic, acute
gastroenteritis in industrialized countries, and may be a cause of
severe disease in certain populations (e.g. children, elderly, and
hospitalized patients). Norovirus is generally recognized to have
an irregular wintertime seasonality in temperate climates, but
these patterns have not been systematically described across
geographic areas in the era of modern diagnostics.
Methods: We present the results of a systematic review and
meta-analysis of norovirus gastroenteritis across various
geographic regions. In the systematic review we searched for
publications that reported at least one full year of monthly data
on norovirus outbreaks or cases in a specified geographic region.
The initial literature search identified 287 potential
publications, with 78 meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were
then extracted from each publication using Plot Digitizer
software.
Results: The proportion of cases/outbreaks of norovirus per
calendar month was calculated from studies representing twenty-six
countries on six continents (37 case-based studies, 32
outbreak-based studies, representing a total of 12 years of
data).
Conclusions: There is a clear seasonality of norovirus across the
six continents included in this study, with disease burden peaking
in winter months in the northern hemisphere.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Background on Norovirus 1
Seasonality of Norovirus 1
Seasonality of Infectious Diseases 3
Climate Change and Infectious Disease 6
Systematic Reviews 8
Motivation for this study 9
Methods
Literature Review 10
Methods to Summarize Data 11
Predictors and Independent Variables 12
Statistical Methods 13
Results 15
Discussion 18
References 21
Tables/Figures 31
Appendix
Detailed Search Protocol 39
Regression Results 43
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