Types and Preparations of Seafood in Diet, and Other Demographic Predictors of Persistent Organic Pollutants of Breast Milk in San Diego Women Open Access

Abstract

Abstract

 

Background: This study seeks to describe Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) levels in the breast milk of San Diego County women as a function of types of seafood consumed, cooking methods, and other lifestyle exposures.

Methods: Breast milk from 146 mothers in San Diego County were analyzed by GC/ECNI-MS for POP levels, and examined vis-à-vis self-reported questionnaire data using LASSO quantile regression methods.

Results: Among cooking methods, baked, grilled and smoked seafood were positively associated with median ∑18PCBs. In contrast, sautéed fish was negatively associated with median PBDEs. Dark fish, white fish and all seafood types combined were positively associated with ∑18PCBs (quantile 0.9), while fried fish was positively associated with median PBDE 47. Lifestyle factors positively associated with median POPs include: time living in California (PBDEs 28, 100, 153, 154; ≥ 223 months versus <76 months); income (∑18PCBs; $40,000-75,000/year versus <$40,000/year) and education (∑18PCBs; postgraduate/graduate degree versus ≤high school). Factors negatively associated with median POPs include: income (∑6PBDEs; >$75,000 versus <$40,000/year); maternal age (∑18PCBs; 25-29 versus <25 years) and parity (∑18PCBs; 2 versus 1 birth).

Conclusions: Consumption of higher trophic level fish (dark fish, white fish, all seafood types combined) was associated with higher levels of ∑18PCBs at the 90^th percentile whereas food preparation method (baked, grilled, smoked seafood) was associated with higher levels of ∑18PCBs at the median.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Introduction and Review of the Literature..................................................................... 1

Methods.......................................................................................................................... 3

Results............................................................................................................................ 9

Discussion.................................................................................................................... 27

References.................................................................................................................... 30

List of Tables and Figures

Table 1: Maternal and infant characteristics................................................................. 10

Table 2: Distribution of persistent organic pollutants...................................................13

Table 3: Bivariate data analysis results: PCBs............................................................. 17

Table 4: Bivariate data analysis results: PBDEs and OCPs......................................... 19

Figure 1: LASSO quantile regression at quantile 0.5.................................................. 25

Figure 2: LASSO quantile regression at quantile 0.9.................................................. 26

Supplemental Appendix: Materials and methods

Supplemental Appendix: Table 1: LASSO 0.5 quantile regression results: PCBs...... 48

Supplemental Appendix: Table 2: LASSO 0.5 quantile regression results: PBDEs... 48

Supplemental Appendix: Table 3: LASSO 0.5 quantile regression results: OCPs...... 48

Supplemental Appendix: Table 4: LASSO 0.9 quantile regression results: PCBs...... 48

Supplemental Appendix: Table 5: LASSO 0.9 quantile regression results: PBDEs... 48

Supplemental Appendix: Table 6: LASSO 0.9 quantile regression results: OCPs...... 48

Supplemental Appendix: Emory IRB Approval letter................................................. 49

Supplemental Appendix: Maternal Questionnaire – Diet and Breast Milk................. 50

About this Master's Thesis

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School	Rollins School of Public Health
Department	Executive Masters of Public Health - MPH
Degree	M.P.H.
Submission	Master's Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Environmental Sciences
Keyword	LASSO persistent organic pollutants breast milk cooking oceans and human health seafood
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Gribble, Matthew, PhD DABT, Emory University
Committee Members	Hoh, Eunha, PhD, Emory University
Partnering Agencies	Does not apply (no collaborating organization)

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